发展经济学（英语：Development economics），经济学的分支之一，主要研究对象为贫困落后的农业国家或发展中国家如何实现工业化、摆脱贫困、走向富裕的过程。

威廉·阿瑟·刘易斯、西奥多·舒尔茨、张培刚、阿尔伯特·赫希曼。

Development economics is a branch of economics which deals with economic aspects of the development process in low-income countries. Its focus is not only on methods of promoting economic development, economic growth and structural change but also on improving the potential for the mass of the population, for example, through health and education and workplace conditions, whether through public or private channels.