在中，爬升率（Rate of climb,RoC）是指飞机升高海拔的速度。大部份国际民航组织会员国以英尺每分为爬升率的单位，缩写为ft/min。其他国家则用公尺每秒为爬升率的单位，缩写为m/s。飞机上会用垂直速度指示器（VSI）或瞬时垂直速度指示器（IVSI）显示其爬升率。

飞机降低海拔的速度称为下降率，对应爬升率为负值时的情形。

有人驾驶的飞机其最初爬升率的最高记录是由米格-29战斗机创下的330 m/s（65,000 ft/min）。米格-29战斗机从海平面上升到海拔6000米的平均爬升率为109m/s。

In aeronautics, the rate of climb (RoC) is an aircraft's vertical speed – the rate of altitude change with respect to time. In most ICAO member countries (even in otherwise metric countries), this is usually expressed in feet per minute (ft/min). Elsewhere, it is commonly expressed in metre per second (m/s). The rate of climb in an aircraft is indicated with a vertical speed indicator (VSI) or instantaneous vertical speed indicator (IVSI).