排列（英语：Permutation）是将相异对象或符号根据确定的顺序重排。每个顺序都称作一个排列。例如，从一到六的数字有720种排列，对应于由这些数字组成的所有不重复亦不阙漏的串行，例如"4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3" 与1, 3, 5, 2, 4, 6。

置换的广义概念在不同语境下有不同的形式定义：

In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting. These differ from combinations, which are selections of some members of a set where order is disregarded. For example, written as tuples, there are six permutations of the set {1,2,3}, namely: (1,2,3), (1,3,2), (2,1,3), (2,3,1), (3,1,2), and (3,2,1). These are all the possible orderings of this three element set. As another example, an anagram of a word, all of whose letters are different, is a permutation of its letters. In this example, the letters are already ordered in the original word and the anagram is a reordering of the letters. The study of permutations of finite sets is a topic in the field of combinatorics.