生命攸关系统（life-critical system）或安全攸关系统（safety-critical system）也称为生命关键系统或安全关键系统，是指一个系统的失效或误动作会产生以下后果：

这类的风险一般会配合安全工程的工具进行管理。生命攸关系统一般会设计在失效率小于10 1/h的条件下。常用的设计工具包括概率风险评估，是一种结合失效模式与影响分析（FMEA）及故障树分析的技术。越来越多的安全攸关系统是基于电脑的系统。

A life-critical system or safety-critical system is a system whose failure or malfunction may result in one (or more) of the following outcomes:

Risks of this sort are usually managed with the methods and tools of safety engineering. A life-critical system is designed to lose less than one life per billion (10) hours of operation. Typical design methods include probabilistic risk assessment, a method that combines failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) with fault tree analysis. Safety-critical systems are increasingly computer-based.